整米中重金属镉的酸法消减工艺优化

Optimization of Heavy Metal Cadmium Removal from the Whole Rice by Acid Process

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2019.08.002

中文关键词: 大米 镉 消减率 蛋白损失

英文关键词: rice,Cadmium,removal efficiency,loss of rice protein

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中文摘要:

为解决大米中镉含量超标引起的粮食安全问题，采用稀盐酸对镉超标大米进行浸泡除镉，分别考察了浸提时间、料液比、浸提温度和盐酸浓度对整米除镉效果和蛋白质含量的影响。并在单因素实验的基础上，通过响应面实验对整米除镉工艺进行了优化。最佳工艺参数表明：反应时间120 min、料液比1∶2、反应温度45 ℃、盐酸浓度为0.12 mol/L时，大米中重金属镉的脱除率达到87.21%，镉残余量降至国家规定的安全限量标准0.20 mg/kg以下，蛋白质损失率约16.50%。由以上结果可知，采用稀盐酸浸泡整米的方法可有效脱除大米中的重金属镉。

英文摘要:

In order to solve the problem of food safety caused by excessive cadmium content in rice，the whole Cadmium-contaminated rice was soaked in dilute hydrochloric acid to remove Cadmium from rice. Then the effects of reaction time，solid to liquid ratio，reaction temperature and concentration of hydrochloric acid on the Cadmium removal efficiency and concentration of rice protein were investigated. On the basis of single factor tests，the Cadmium removal process of rice was optimized by response surface test. It was found that the Cadmium removal efficiency was up to 87.21% with a loss of rice protein about 16.50%，when the extraction temperature，the solid to liquid ratio，the concentration of hydrochloric acid and the extraction time were 45 ℃，1∶2，0.12 mol/L and 120 minutes respectively. These results suggest that the method of soaking rice in dilute hydrochloric acid can effectively remove the heavy metal cadmium from rice.

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