回锅肉加工及冻藏过程中风味物质的变化
Study on the Changes of Volatile Flavor Componentsin Double-Fried Pork During the Processing and Frozen Sorage
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.12.006
中文关键词: 回锅肉 气相色谱-质谱联用法 挥发性风味物质 主成分分析
英文关键词: double-fried pork,volatile flavor compounds,GC-MS,principal component analysis
基金项目:
作者
单位
贾丽娜
江南大学 食品学院,江苏 无锡 214122
焦爱权
食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,江南大学,江苏 无锡 214122
赵建伟
徐学明
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中文摘要:
采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)提取回锅肉的挥发性风味成分,通过气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对回锅肉中挥发性风味成分进行分离鉴定。GC-MS分析表明,共检测到回锅肉中91种挥发性风味物质,包括13种醛类(相对含量51.287%)、15种醇类(相对含量11.412%)、 7种含硫物质(相对含量9.397%)、12种酯类(相对含量7.736%)、6种酮类(相对含量6.983%)、18种杂环类(相对含量6.873%)、11种碳氢类(相对含量4.030%)、4种酸类(相对含量1.433%),以及5种其他挥发物(相对含量1.566%)。回锅肉经过炒制后,酯类和杂环类物质的含量和种类显著增加,对回锅肉的风味有重大贡献。通过主成分分析(PCA),第一主成分(PC1)代表了大部分(相对含量73.651%)挥发性风味物质的信息,有效地表征了回锅肉的特征风味物质。且PCA表明,不同冻藏时间的回锅肉可以被很好地区分:冻藏1个月,影响其风味的主要是1-戊烯-3-醇、异戊醇、辛醛;冻藏2~3月,影响其风味的主要是壬醛、反式-2,4-癸二烯醛、苯乙醇;冻藏5~6月,影响其风味的主要是己醛、乙醇。
英文摘要:
Volatile flavor components from Double-fried pork was extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A total of 91 volatile flavor compounds were identified,including 13 aldehydes (51.287%),15 alcohols (11.412%),7 sulphur-containing compounds (9.397%),12 esters (7.736%),6 ketones (6.983%),18 heterocyclic compounds (6.873%),11 hydrocarbons (2.264%),4 acid compounds (1.433%),and 5 others (1.566%). Esters and heterocyclic compounds significantly increased after frying and therefore had a great contribution to the special flavor of Double-fried pork. By the method of principal component analysis (PCA),the first one (PC1) mainly represented most of the information of flavor compounds among the three principal components,which was thus used as the characteristic flavor compounds. Double-fried pork of different frozen times could be clearly separated by PCA analysis, the one-month samples mainly associated with 1-penten-3-ol,3-methyl-1-butanol and octanal, the two and three-month samples mainly associated with nonanal,(E,E)-2,4-decadienal,and phenylethyl alcohol, whereas the five and six-month samples mainly associated with hexanal and ethanol.
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