促进微生物生产多不饱和脂肪酸的研究

Research Progress on the Enhancement of the Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Microorganisms

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1673-1689.2015.08.001

中文关键词: 微生物 多不饱和脂肪酸 生物合成

英文关键词: microorganisms, polyunsaturated fatty acids, biosynthesis

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中文摘要:

多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）作为功能性油脂已被广泛应用于食品工业领域。随着对纯PUFAs脂质的需求量越来越多，来自于动植物和深海洋鱼的PUFAs远远不能满足市场需求，且动植物含油量及不饱和脂肪酸类型、比例均受到一定的限制。一系列的研究表明，微生物特别是藻类、真菌能合成几乎所有的PUFAs，并能在工业规模上培育有开发价值的可替代生物资源。作者在近年来国内外有关研究的基础上，从培养条件、菌种选育、基因工程、代谢调控等方面对促进微生物产PUFAs的研究进行了综述，为相关的研究提供参考。

英文摘要:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids（PUFAs），as functional oil components，have been widely used in food industry. The PUFAs produced from plants，mammals and deep-sea fish is inadequate for supplying the expanding market demands，and the content of vegetable and animal oils，types and proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in these oils also show limitations for further application. Microorganisms，especially algae and fungi，have been recognized as promising sources that can synthesize the entire range of PUFAs，and can be used as valuable alternative sources for PUFAs production on an industrial scale. This paper reviews the progress in the research of enhancement of polyunsaturated fatty acid production，based on the related research in culture condition，strain screening，gene engineering and metabolic regulation，providing theoretical and applicable references for relative domestic and international research.

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